Primer on Flat Rolling
Primer on Flat Rolling
Primer on Flat Rolling
Primer for Flat Rolling is the outcome of over three decades of
involvement with the rolling process. It is based on the author's
yearly set of lectures, delivered to engineers and technologists
working in the rolling metal industry. The essential and basic ideas
involved in designing and analysis of the rolling process are
presented. The three components of flat rolling: the mill, the
rolled metal and their interface are discussed and illustrated in
detail. New processes are also mentioned; flexible rolling and
accumulative roll-bonding. The last chapter contains problems,
the solutions of which will aid in appreciating the complexities of
flat rolling. The aim is to introduce, the engineers, technologists
and students, to the background of this field to ease their
planning and analyzing of processes.
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 The Flat Rolling Process
1.2 The Hot Rolling Process
1.3 Continuous Casting
1.4 Mini-Mills
1.5 The Cold Rolling Process
1.6 The Warm-Rolling Process
1.7 New Equipment
1.8 Further Reading
Chapter 2: Flat Rolling - A General Discussion
2.1 The Flat Rolling Process
2.2 The Physical Events Before, During and After the Pass
2.3 The Metallurgical Events Before and After the Rolling Process
2.4 Limitation of the Flat Rolling Process
Chapter 3: Mathematical and Physical Modelling of the Flat
Rolling Process
3.1 A Discussion of Mathematical Modelling
3.2 A Simple Model
3.3 One-Dimensional Models
3.4 Refinements of the Orowan Model
3.5 The Effect of Inertia Force
3.6 The Predictive Ability of the Mathematical Models
3.7 The Friction Factor in the Flat Rolling Process
3.8 The Use of ANN
3.9 Extremum Principles
3.10 Comparison of the Predicted Powers
3.11 The Development of the Metallurgical Attributes of the Rolled Strip
3.12 Miscellaneous Parameters and Relationships in the Flat Rolling Process
3.12 How a mathematical Model Should be Used
Chapter 4: Material Attributes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recently Developed Steels
4.3 Steel and Aluminum
4.4 The Independent Variables
4.5 Traditional Testing Techniques
4.6 Potential Problems Encountered During the Testing Process
4.7 The Shape of Stress-Strain Curves
4.8 Mathematical Representation of Stress-Strain Data
4.9 Choosing a Stress-Strain Relation for Use in Modelling
Chapter 5: Tribology
5.1 Tribology - A General Discussion
5.2 Friction
5.3 Determining the Coefficient of Friction or the Friction Factor
5.4 Lubrication
5.5Dependence of the Coefficient of Friction or the Roll Separating
5.6 Heat Transfer
5.7 Roll Wear
Chapter 6: Applications and Sensitivity Studies
6.1 The Sensitivity of the Predictions of the Flat Rolling Models
6.2 A Comparison of the Predictions of Power, Required for Plastic Deformation of the Strip
6.3 The Roll Pressure Distribution
6.4 The Statically Recrystallized Grain Size
6.5 The Critical Strain
6.6 The Hot Strength of Steels - Shida's Equations
Chapter 7: Temper Rolling
7.1 The Temper Rolling Process
7.2 The Mechanism of Plastic Yielding
7.3 The Effects of Temper Rolling
7.4 Mathematical Models of the Temper Rolling Process
7.5 Comments from Industry
Chapter 8: Severe Plastic Deformation - Accumulative
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Manufacturing Methods of Severe Plastic Deformation
8.3 A Set of Experiments
8.4 Results & Discussion
8.5 The Phenomena Affecting the Bonds
8.6 A Potential Industrial Application: Tailored Blanks
8.7 A Combination of ECAP and ARB
Chapter 9: Roll Bonding
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Material, Equipment, Sample Preparation, Parameters
9.3 Parameters
9.4 Testing of the Shear Strength of the Bond
9.5 Results and Discussion
9.6 Examination of the Interface
9.7 The Phenomenon of Bonding
Chapter 10: Flexible Rolling
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Material, Equipment, Procedure, Sample Preparation
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.4 Predictions of a Sample Model
10.5 Strain at Fracture